The issue of compulsory hijab constitutes one of the most contested subjects at the intersection of religious ethics, legal systems, and civilizational paradigms, requiring a multilayered analysis of its theoretical foundations across these domains. Within the Islamic epistemological framework, hijab is understood as an ethical construct aimed at safeguarding human dignity, public modesty, and the psychological and moral well-being of society. Simultaneously, in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it has acquired a mandatory character, defined as a legal obligation supported by criminal sanctions and justified through principles such as public order, social welfare, and collective responsibility. This study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach, relying on library-based research, to elucidate the ethical and legal foundations of compulsory hijab while also examining its civilizational dimensions within the framework of the New Islamic Civilization. At this level, hijab is analyzed not merely as an individual norm or a religious injunction, but as a component of the Islamic lifestyle and a mechanism for reproducing cultural identity, regulating social relations, and reinforcing the moral order of society.The findings indicate that in a legal system grounded in Sharia and religious morality, priority should be given to cultural persuasion, social awareness, and the internalization of normative values. Nevertheless, in cases of widespread deviation from social norms and threats to fundamental values, recourse to legal—and ultimately criminal—sanctions may be justified as a last-resort mechanism for preserving public order and collective interests .Accordingly, the study concludes that the adoption of an intelligent, gradual, and hybrid policy—integrating ethical, legal, and civilizational considerations—can foster a balanced relationship between individual freedoms and social interests, while simultaneously contributing to the broader process of Islamic civilizational developmen