روان‌شناسی سیاسی رهبری سید حسن نصرالله به‌مثابۀ کارگزار تمدن نوین اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم سیاسی و مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ روابط بین‌الملل، وزارت امور خارجه، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به تحلیل الگوی رهبری سید حسن نصرالله به‌عنوان یک بازیگر مؤثر در فرایند تمدن‌سازی نوین اسلامی می‌پردازد و در پی آن است تا نشان دهد چگونه تعامل میان شرایط ساختاری، مکانیسم‌های روانی‌ ـ ‌‌اجتماعی و قابلیت‌های فردی، موجب شکل‌گیری رهبری مؤثر در موقعیت‌های بحرانی می‌شود. در این راستا، پژوهش از چهارچوبی نظری و یکپارچه بهره می‌گیرد که شامل نظریۀ کاریزماتیک ماکس وبر در سطح کلان، نظریۀ روان‌شناختی پست در سطح میانی و نظریۀ شخصیت گرینستاین در سطح خرد است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که موفقیت رهبری نصرالله حاصل تعامل پیچیدۀ سه مؤلفۀ کلیدی است: نخست، شرایط ساختاری بحرانی که زمینه‌ساز ظهور رهبری تمدن‌ساز می‌شود؛ دوم، مکانیسم‌های روانی‌ ـ‌ اجتماعی که پیوندی عمیق میان رهبر و پیروان ایجاد می‌کند و سوم، قابلیت‌های فردیِ استثنایی که امکان بهره‌برداری مؤثر از این شرایط را فراهم می‌آورد. درمجموع، این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که رهبری موفق در تمدن نوین اسلامی نیازمند توازن و هم‌افزایی میان این سه سطح تحلیلی است و رهبری کاریزماتیک می‌تواند ازطریق ادغام این سطوح، نقشی محوری در تحقق تمدن اسلامی ایفا کند.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Political Psychology of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah’s Leadership as an Agent of the New Islamic Civilization

نویسندگان [English]

  • shohreh pirani 1
  • Sajjad Sharifasgari 2
  • Milad Zeraatkar 3
1 Assistant Professor, Political Sciences and Islamic ,Revolution Studies, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 M.A. Student, International Relations, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.A. Student, International Relations, School of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: This research analyzes Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah's leadership paradigm as a key figure in the development of a new Islamic civilization. The study examines how the interaction between structural conditions, psychosocial mechanisms, and individual capabilities contributes to effective leadership during times of crisis and transformation. The research question identifies the multifaceted factors that have allowed Nasrallah to rise as an influential civilizational leader, despite facing significant regional and international challenges. This investigation examines how Nasrallah has balanced traditional religious authority with modern political leadership, ideological consistency with tactical flexibility, and local constituencies with regional geopolitical considerations.
Methodology: To address these questions, the study employs a multi-level theoretical framework that integrates three complementary perspectives: Max Weber’s theory of charismatic authority at the macro level to analyze structural conditions, Post’s psychological theory at the meso level to examine leader-follower dynamics, and Greenstein’s personality theory at the micro level to evaluate individual leadership traits and capabilities. The research methodology employs qualitative analysis of speeches, interviews, policy decisions, and leadership behaviors, all contextualized within the historical and geopolitical landscape of the Middle East. Through this methodological approach, the study identifies patterns and principles that define effective civilizational leadership in contemporary Islamic contexts. Additionally, this research employs critical discourse analysis and historical-comparative methods to examine the evolution of Nasrallah's leadership over more than three decades. It explores how his leadership has adapted to regional and international contextual changes, identifying the dynamic mechanisms of adaptation and adjustment in his performance.
Findings: The findings reveal that Nasrallah's leadership effectiveness arises from the dynamic interaction of three critical components. First, the presence of structural crisis conditions creates both challenges and opportunities for transformative leadership. These factors include the failure of conventional state structures to address fundamental grievances, the existence of geopolitical vacuums, aspirations for resistance against perceived injustices, and the quest for genuine Islamic models of governance that effectively respond to contemporary challenges while preserving cultural authenticity. Second, sophisticated psychosocial mechanisms establish profound emotional and ideological connections between the leader and their followers, fostering a collective identity and shared purpose. These mechanisms encompass compelling narrative frameworks that integrate religious symbolism with contemporary political realities, the cultivation of trust through demonstrated
integrity, and the establishment of institutional structures that reinforce ideological commitments through effective service delivery. Third, exceptional individual capabilities include strategic vision, communication skills, emotional intelligence, moral authority, and decision-making abilities under conditions of uncertainty. The research indicates that a unique combination of authenticity, moral courage, loyalty to core ideals, tactical intelligence, and strategic patience has enabled Nasrallah to gain widespread trust not only among his direct followers but also within broader Islamic communities. The study identifies several innovations in Nasrallah’s leadership approach, including his development of strengths rather than weaknesses in authority; his cultivation of distributed leadership capabilities; his emphasis on intellectual development alongside military capabilities; and his ability to foster cross-sectarian alliances despite operating in a deeply sectarian environment. This study contributes to leadership theory by demonstrating the limitations of Western-centric leadership models when applied to non-Western contexts that have strong religious dimensions. The findings challenge simplistic dichotomies between traditional and modern leadership styles, revealing complex hybridizations that simultaneously draw on religious authority, national legitimacy, and personal capability. The research also enhances our understanding of effective leadership in conditions of extreme adversity and resource constraints. It suggests that conventional resource-based theories of leadership may require modification when applied to resistance movements operating under existential threats.
Conclusion: The research concludes that successful leadership in the development of modern Islamic civilization requires a balance and synergy among structural opportunities, psychosocial processes, and personal competencies. Charismatic leadership emerges and thrives through the integration of these elements, creating virtuous cycles of increasing effectiveness and legitimacy. This study enhances the broader
understanding of transformative leadership within religious and cultural contexts, providing insights into how charismatic figures can influence civilizational processes by effectively navigating complex socio-political landscapes while maintaining legitimacy. The findings may contribute to the development of new leadership models in contemporary Islamic movements and offer a framework for a deeper understanding of civilization-building capacities in the Islamic world.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Political Psychology
  • Charismatic Leadership
  • Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah
  • Modern Islamic Civilization
  • Weber’s Theory

مراجع

  • اخوان نیلچی، نفیسه، و سروش، علی (1402). راهبردهای دیپلماسی عمومی گسترش اندیشۀ تمدنی انقلاب اسلامی در گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی. فصلنامۀ مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی، 6(2)، 247ـ284. https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2022.14925.1115
  • رحیمیان، محمد، کشاورز شکری، عباس، و هادَوی، اصغر (1402). تحلیل گفتمان تمدن نوین اسلامی در دیدگاه حضرت آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای (مدظله‌العالی) براساس نظریۀ جیمز پل جی. فصلنامۀ مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی، 6(2)، 51ـ78.

https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18248.1263

  • گرجی‌پور، حسین (1403). شاخص‌های کارگزار حکومتی خوش‌نام، با استفاده از رویکرد تلفیقی تحلیل محتوای کمی و کیفی. فصلنامۀ مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی، 7(2)، 181ـ212. https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.19124.1311
  • نورانی، قاسم، و نادری، مهدی (1403). کارگزار ولایی در دولت اسلامی با تأکید بر دیدگاه امام خامنه‌ای (مدظله‌العالی) (اهمیت، شاخص و راهکار). فصلنامۀ مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی، 7(1)، 129ـ176. https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18043.1258
  • یعقوبی هیق، سید شهاب‌الدین، نوبری، علیرضا، حاجی بابایی، حمیدرضا، و حق‌گو، جواد (1403). مدل مفهومی سیاست‌گذاری در دولت اسلامی با تحلیل محتوای خطبۀ سوم از کتاب «تمام نهج‌البلاغه». فصلنامۀ مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی، 7(1)، 33ـ76.https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18638.1283
  • Akhavan nilchi, N., & Sorush, A. (2023). Public Diplomacy Strategies for the Development of the Civilization Thought of the Islamic Revolution in the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution. Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies, 6(2), 247-284.

https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2022.14925.1115 [In Persian].

  • Alagha, J. E. (2006). The shifts in Hizbullah's ideology: Religious ideology, political ideology, and political program. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Alagha, J. E. (2011). Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Alagha, J. E. (2011). Hizbullah's identity construction. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Avon, D., & Khatchadourian, A. T. (2012). Hezbollah: A History of the "Party of God". Harvard University Press.
  • Azani, E. (2009). Hezbollah: The Story of the Party of God: From Revolution to Institutionalization. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Badran, T. (2009). Lebanon's Militia Wars. Routledge Press.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd Ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Blanford, N. (2011). Warriors of God: Inside Hezbollah's Thirty-Year Struggle against Israel. Random House.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1987.4306715
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. SAGE Publications.
  • Cordesman, A. H. (2007). Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah war. Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  • Daher, J. (2016). Hezbollah: The Political Economy of Lebanon's Party of God. Pluto Press.
  • Deeb, L. (2006). An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon. Princeton University Press.
  • Deeb, L., & Harb, M. (2013). Leisurely Islam: Negotiating Geography and Morality in Shi'ite South Beirut. Princeton University Press.
  • DeVore, M. R., & Stähli, A. B. (2015). Explaining Hezbollah's Effectiveness: Internal and External Determinants of the Rise of Violent Non-State Actors. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(2), 331-357.https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2013.808194
  • Dionigi, F. (2014). Hezbollah, Islamist Politics, and International Society. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Early, B. R. (2006). "'Larger than a Party, yet smaller than a State’: Locating Hezbollah’s Place within Lebanon’s State and Society.” World Affairs, 168(3), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.3200/WAFS.168.3.115-128
  • El-Husseini, R. (2012). Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon. Syracuse University Press.
  • Flanigan, S. T., & Abdel-Samad, M. (2009). Hezbollah's Social Jihad: Nonprofits as Resistance Organizations. Middle East Policy, 20(2), 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2009.00396.x
  • Gabriel, Y. (1997). Meeting God: When organizational members come face to face with the supreme leader. Human Relations, 50(4), 315-342.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/A:1016938410023
  • Gorjipour, H. (2024). The indicators of a well-known government agent, using the integrated approach of quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies, 7(2), 181-212. https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.19124.1311

[In Persian].

  • Greenstein, F. I. (2009). The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Barack Obama. Princeton University Press.
  • Hamzeh, A. N. (2004). In The Path of Hizbullah. Syracuse University Press.
  • Harb, Z. (2011). Channels of resistance in Lebanon: Liberation propaganda, Hezbollah and the media. I.B. Tauris.
  • Hermann, M. G., & Preston, T. (1994). Presidents, advisers, and foreign policy: The effect of leadership style on executive arrangements. Political Psychology, 15(1), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791440
  • Howell, J. M., & Shamir, B. (2005). The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: Relationships and their consequences. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 96-112.https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.15281435
  • Karagiannis, E (2009). “Hizballah as a Social Movement Organization: A Framing Approach.” Mediterranean Politics, 14(3), 365-383.https://doi.org/10.1080/13629390903346863
  • Kets de Vires, M. F., & Miller, D. (1984). The neurotic organization: Diagnosing and changing counterproductive styles of management. Jossey-Bass.
  • Khashan, H. (2013). The Political Isolation of Lebanese Shia. Middle East Quarterly, 20(3), 77-85.

https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/Lebanese-Sunnis-political-isolation

  • Khatib, L. (2014). The Hizbullah phenomenon: Politics and communication. Oxford University Press.
  • Khatib, L., Matar, D., & Alshaer, A. (2014). The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication. Oxford University Press.
  • Knudsen, A., & Kerr, M. (2012). Lebanon: After the Cedar Revolution. Oxford University Press.
  • Levitt, M. (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God. Georgetown University Press.
  • Malthaner, S. (2011). Mobilizing the Faithful: Militant Islamist Groups and Their Constituencies. Campus Verlag.
  • Matar, D. (2015). Hassan Nasrallah: The Cultivation of Image and Language in the Making of a Charismatic Leader. Communication, Culture & Critique, 8(3), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12089
  • Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th Ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Norton, A. R. (2014). Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton University Press.
  • Norton, A. R. (2018). Hezbollah: A short history. Princeton University Press.
  • Norton, A. R. (2018). Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton University Press.
  • Norton, A.R. (2007). Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton University Press.
  • Noorani, G., & Naderi, M. (2024). The provincial (wilayi) agent in the Islamic government, emphasizing the viewpoint of Imam Khamenei (Importance, indicator, and course of action. Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies, 7(1), 129-176.

https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18043.1258 [In Persian].

  • Nye, J. S. (2008). The Powers to Lead. Oxford University Press.
  • Palmer-Harik, J. (2007). Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism. I.B. Tauris.
  • Popper, M. (2000). The development of charismatic leaders. Political Psychology, 21(4), 729-744.

https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/0162-895X.00214

  • Post, J. M. (1986). Narcissism and the charismatic leader-follower relationship. Political Psychology, 7(4), 675-688.

https://doi.org/10.2307/3791208.

  • Post, J. M., & George, A. L. (2004). Leaders and their followers in a dangerous world: The psychology of political behavior. Cornell University Press.
  • Qassem, N (2005). Hizbullah: The Story from Within. Saqi Books.
  • Rahimian, M., Keshavarz Shokri, A., & Hadavi, A. (2023). Discourse analysis of Ayatollah Khamenei's statements regarding new Islamic civilization based on the theory of James Paul Gee. Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies, 6(2), 51-78.

https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18248.1263 [In Persian].

  • Renshon, S. A., & Larson, D. W. (2003). Good judgment in foreign policy: Theory and application. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Saad-Ghorayeb, A. (2002). Hizbu'llah: Politics and Religion. Pluto Press.
  • Saad-Ghorayeb, A., & Ottaway, M. (2007). Hizbollah and Its Changing Identities. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.https://doi.org/10.25673/106758
  • Salamey, I. (2013). The Government and Politics of Lebanon. Routledge.
  • Salloukh, B. F. (2015). The Politics of Sectarianism in Postwar Lebanon. Pluto Press.
  • Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577
  • Shanahan, R. (2005). The Shi’a of Lebanon: Clans, Parties and Clerics. I.B. Tauris.
  • Sullivan, M. (2014). Hezbollah in Syria. Middle East Security Report, Institute for the Study of War.
  • Traboulsi, F. (2012). A History of Modern Lebanon. Pluto plus.
  • Tucker, R. C. (1981). Politics as Leadership: Revised Edition. University of Missouri Press.
  • Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Eds.). Bedminster Press.https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2017.711106
  • Willner, A. R. (1984). The spellbinders: Charismatic political leadership. Yale University Press.
  • Winter, D. G. (2003). Personality and political behavior. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jervis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 110-145). Oxford University Press.https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-88243-004
  • Winter, D. G. (2005). Things I've learned about personality from studying political leaders at a distance. Journal of Personality, 73(3), 557-584.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00321.x
  • Yaghoubi Hiagh, S. S., Nobari, A., Hajibabayi, H., & Haghgoo, J. (2024). The conceptual model of policy making in Islamic state with the analysis of the third sermon from the book Tammam Nahj al-Balaghah. Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies, 7(1), 33-76.

https://doi.org/10.22070/nic.2024.18638.1283 [In Persian].

  • Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th Ed.). Pearson Education.
  • Zisser, E. (2007). Commanding Syria: Bashar al-Asad and the First Years in Power. I.B. Tauris.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار