Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Ph.D student in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to re-read the verses of the Quran and the interpretive data found in Seyyed Jamal's writings. This study aims to achieve his interpretive approach regarding the foundations and roots of the decline of civilizations and to categorize these factors.
Methodology: The current research is a qualitative study that analyzes the citations and opinions of Seyyed Jamal across his various works using a descriptive and analytical approach.
Findings: The research findings can be summarized in several key points.
1. Seyyed Jamal believes that faith in the superior religion, Islam, along with adherence to its principles and commandments, provides a reliable means of understanding God's laws and traditions. This understanding is essential for the advancement or decline of civilizations and guides the nation toward perfection.
Seyed Jamal believes that the possession of rationality, wisdom, and hope, along with the achievement of virtues in both individual and social contexts, emerges from the foundation of knowledge, belief, and practice of Islam.
Consequently, God's support includes the Ummah, and His promises are fulfilled. This process leads to excellence.
According to Seyyed Jamal, the distance people maintain from the beliefs and teachings of religion is one of the fundamental factors contributing to the decline of nations. This detachment from religious teachings, coupled with materialism, leads to a disconnection from rationality, wisdom, and hope, while also fostering moral vices in both personal and social spheres. This phenomenon not only serves as a primary cause of civilizational decline but also perpetuates the notion of divine change from favorable to unfavorable conditions within the nation.
In his various writings, Seyyed Jamal depicts the chaotic and deteriorating conditions of Muslims and analyzes the primary reason for this decline: a departure from the principles and teachings of Islam, coupled with the rise of heresy that lacks any foundation in the religion. He views the Muslims of his time as examples of how the tradition of change has affected them.
Conclusion: The areas of degeneration in Seyyed Jamal's thought can be categorized into three types: fields of insight and knowledge, fields of action and behavior, and fields of communication and development. According to Seyyed Jamal, one of the primary reasons for the decline of civilizations is the deviation from religious principles and teachings by the people of the nation. This deviation represents a significant area of insight and knowledge, leading to a shift in divine favor, resulting in unfavorable conditions for that nation. Additionally, this factor will lead to the emergence of other areas of degeneration, such as division and discord, weakness and apathy, straying from the path of moderation, and placing trust in strangers. The shortcomings of religious leaders and the imprudence of rulers are also fundamental causes of degeneration, which can be seen as propagandistic in nature. By neglecting their responsibilities, these groups contribute significantly to the estrangement of individuals from religion and the deterioration of civilizations.
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