Investigating the impact of uncertainty in the use of human and physical capital on economic endogenity, Imam Khamenei's view in the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Economics Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of uncertainty in the use of human capital, physical capital and foreign direct investment on the gross domestic product (without oil) and the economy's endogeneity index. Uncertainty means that future events or the possibility of their occurrence have not been predicted. Endogenization means using the internal capacities of the domestic economy to produce wealth and added economic value, which in the last few years, the supreme leader of the revolution has emphasized on this issue with the resistance economy plan. Which can be realized by using the capacities of the country, people, and maximum exploitation resources in the economy.
Methodology: In this study, the impact of uncertainty in the use of human capital, physical capital and foreign direct investment during the years 1357 to 1399 with the help of fuzzy regression in two separate models, respectively, on the gross domestic product (without oil) and the endogeneity index. Economics has been reviewed. For this purpose, the right and left width of the gross domestic product and the endogeneity of the economy have been estimated.
Findings: The findings of this study are very important in terms of prioritization in policy issues related to human capital, physical capital and foreign direct investment. As the results of fuzzy width show, proportional to the increase of uncertainty in the use of human capital, physical and foreign
direct investment variables with coefficients of 0.720, 2.418 and 0.519 respectively on the gross domestic product (without oil) ) have an effect. Also, the mentioned variables have an effect on the endogeneity of the economy with coefficients of 5.964, 9.290 and 88.956 respectively. Therefore, it can be stated that for the growth of the gross domestic product and the endogeneity of the economy, special attention should be paid to increasing the use of physical capital as a supplement to human capital, as well as the expansion of foreign direct investment. Also, the results show that from 1361 to 1399, the range of deviation of the right width of the GDP (without oil) has increased significantly. The left width indicates that if proper planning is not used and economic policies are not used, the growth of the economy will decrease significantly compared to the current trend.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that one should be diligent in attracting foreign direct investment in order to be able to use its advantages. Not only the quantity of foreign capital but also the quality of their attraction is important in order to improve human and physical capital. to improve productivity. Because improving the productivity of production factors intensifies the positive effects of foreign direct investment in the economy. Foreign capitals increase the use of human and physical capitals and increase the production capacity, as well as improving the overall productivity of the production factors, improving the efficiency of the factors, these two effects will increase the production of all sectors at the same time. The entry of foreign capital has also caused the downward movement of prices, which can be caused by several reasons. First of all, the influx of capital from abroad has increased the capital stock, which itself includes a decrease in the price of capital, followed by a decrease in the cost of production. Secondly, the increase in production capacity due to the accumulation of funds leads to the expansion of the supply of products, which causes a decrease in the price of the product. Thirdly, increasing the productivity of production factors has a double effect on production, which increases the intensity of the increase in supply. It is noteworthy that the uncertainty in the variables affecting the economy's endogeneity will have a significant effect on the decrease and increase of the economy's endogeneity. In such a way that the right width indicates that the country's economy has a lot of potential to strengthen endogenity.
 
 
 
 
 
 

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References

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Scientific Journal of New Islamic Civilization Fundamental Studies
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 14
September 2025
Pages 155-180

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