دانشگاه شاهد فصلنامه مطالعات بنیادین تمدن نوین اسلامی 2676-525X 8 2 2025 09 23 The Role of Bayt al-Hikmah in the Advancement of the Science of Mechanics by Iranian Scholars (2nd to 5th Century AH) نقش بیت‌الحکمه در پیشرفت علم الحیل (مکانیک) توسط دانشمندان ایرانی (تا قرن ۵ ه.ق) در تمدن اسلامی 307 325 4816 10.22070/nic.2025.19479.1336 FA لاله عرفانی نمین هیئت‌علمی وابسته، گروه معارف، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران. 0009-0006-6777-503x بابک حمیدی مهر دانشجوی کارشناسی مهندسی مکانیک، گروه مکانیک، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل. ایران Journal Article 2024 11 15 Purpose: Bayt al-Hikmah (or "House of Wisdom"), established in Baghdad in the 8th century CE, is recognized as one of the most important scientific and cultural centers in Islamic history. This institution played a significant role in the advancement of the science of mechanics (theoretical mechanics and physics), particularly during the Abbasid Caliphate. The science of mechanics was one of the crucial branches of knowledge in the Islamic era, focusing on the principles of motion, forces, and mechanical devices. Given the historical advancements made by Iranians in this field and its transmission into the Islamic period, it is essential to examine the role of Bayt al-Hikmah in encouraging and utilizing Iranian scholars. This article employs an analytical-library method to investigate how effective Bayt al-Hikmah was in fostering the presence and encouragement of Iranian scholars and advancing the science of mechanics. The findings indicate that Bayt al-Hikmah served as an international hub for the exchange of ideas among scholars from various cultures and nationalities. This exchange enriched the scientific and cultural dimensions of mechanics. In this context, Iranian scholars played a pivotal role, and their works had a profound impact on the advancement of science globally. By collaborating with other cultures, Iranian scholars contributed to the development of this science, generating new ideas that later influenced significant industrial advancements in the West during subsequent centuries Methodology: This article utilizes a descriptive-historical method and library studies, examining and comparing primary sources in the field of mechanics. It explains the evolution of theories in the science of mechanics (ilm al-hiyal) and investigates how this science, within the House of Wisdom, transitioned from its initial theoretical stages to practical advancements in the context of Islamic civilization and today's world. The research first explores the significance of the House of Wisdom and the scientific activities of this center, followed by an analysis of scholars in the field of mechanics and their studies and theories, particularly focusing on Iranian scholars through a theoretical review and the progression of each theory. Findings: The House of Wisdom, as one of the most important scientific centers during the Islamic era, played a significant role in the expansion and advancement of the science of mechanics. This scientific center was not only a place for the translation and interpretation of Greek and Indian texts but also became a suitable environment for research and innovation in various scientific field By correlating the theories of scholars, this article traces the progress of theoretical mechanics and physics within Islamic civilization and the world. This research serves as a foundation for educational and research programs in universities and scientific institutions, encouraging a new generation of researchers to explore the history of science. It also aids in the recognition and revival of ancient techniques and sciences. Furthermore, this article contributes to building bridges between researchers from different countries and facilitates international collaborations in scientific fields. The science of mechanics is naturally related to various disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and engineering. This article promotes interdisciplinary approaches in education and research. Conclusion: Iranian scholars such as Avicenna, Alhazen, and Al-Farabi expanded the principles and concepts of mechanics by integrating previous knowledge with new ideas, leading to the development of mechanical techniques and tools. The theories proposed by these scholars significantly advanced the evolution of subsequent theories by scientists worldwide in this field. The House of Wisdom functioned as a free space for discussion and exchange of ideas, where scholars could express their thoughts without fear of repression. The ideas and theories presented in the House of Wisdom were transmitted to other Islamic societies and even Europe, influencing the development of science and philosophy in those regions. This interaction between cultures and various thinkers reached educational institutions like the Nizamiyyثh schools and large libraries, resulting in remarkable advancements in science and technology, whose impacts are still observable in various industries and scientific communities today. بیت‌الحکمه یا خانۀ حکمت که در قرن هشتم میلادی در بغداد تأسیس شد، یکی از مهم‌ترین مراکز علمی و فرهنگی در تاریخ اسلام شناخته می‌شود. این مرکز به‌ویژه در دوران خلافت عباسیان نقش مهمی در گسترش علم الحیل (مکانیک نظری و فیزیک) ایفا کرد. علم الحیل یکی از شاخه‌های کلیدی علم در دوران اسلامی بود که به بررسی اصول حرکت، نیروها و ابزارهای مکانیکی می‌پرداخت. باتوجه‌به سابقۀ پیشرفت ایرانیان در این علم و انتقال آن به دورۀ اسلامی، بررسی نقش بیت‌الحکمه در تشویق و به‌کارگیری دانشمندان ایرانی ضروری است. این مقاله با روش توصیفی‌تاریخی به بررسی این مسئله می‌پردازد که بیت‌الحکمه تا چه اندازه در حضور و تشویق دانشمندان ایرانی و پیشرفت علم مکانیک مؤثر بوده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که بیت‌الحکمه همچون مرکزی بین‌المللی محلی برای تبادل اندیشه‌ها و ایده‌ها میان دانشمندان از فرهنگ‌ها و ملیت‌های مختلف بوده است. این تبادل باعث غنای علمی و فرهنگی علم الحیل شد. در این زمینه دانشمندان ایرانی نقش بسزایی ایفا کردند و آثار آن‌ها تأثیر عمیقی بر پیشرفت علم در جهان داشت. همکاری دانشمندان ایرانی با دیگر فرهنگ‌ها به توسعۀ این علم کمک کرد و ایده‌هایی جدید به وجود آورد که دستاوردهای آن‌ها در قرون بعد به غرب منتقل شد و منبع پیشرفت‌های صنعتی مهمی در جهان شد.

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